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Biocompatible Ink Optimization Enables Functional Volumetric Bioprinting With Xolography
Erik Brauer1, Aiste Balciunaite2, Matthias R Kollert3,4
1Center for the Science of Materials Berlin (CSMB) and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 30, 2025
Summary
This study defines design principles for cell-compatible Xolography bioinks, ensuring high cell viability and function for advanced bioprinting applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Materials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Xolography offers high precision and speed in manufacturing but faces limitations in bioprinting due to poor biocompatibility.
- Understanding cell viability constraints in Xolography bioinks is crucial for its application in tissue engineering.
Purpose of the Study:
- Establish fundamental design principles for cell-compatible Xolography bioinks.
- Define a framework for bioink formulations enabling support-free fabrication with maintained cell viability and function.
Main Methods:
- Systematic study of extracellular pH, osmolality, and lysosomotropic stress on cell viability and function.
- Validation of bioink formulations using various murine and human cell lines, primary cells, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells.
Main Results:
- Defined bioink formulation framework enabling fast, support-free fabrication with >90% cell viability.
- BisTris demonstrated biocompatibility as a co-initiator, unlike triethanolamine, maintaining cell metabolic activity and differentiation.
- Successful fabrication of complex cell-laden constructs including ECM formation, endothelial sprouting, and iPSC-derived hepatocyte maintenance.
Conclusions:
- Xolography bioprinting is a viable platform for creating complex, cell-laden structures.
- The established bioink design principles facilitate applications in tissue engineering, organ-on-a-chip models, and regenerative medicine.
