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AI's assigned gender affects human-AI cooperation.

Sepideh Bazazi1, Jurgis Karpus2, Taha Yasseri1,3,4

  • 1School of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Trinity College Dublin, D02 CX56, Dublin, Ireland.

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|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People show gender bias when cooperating with artificial intelligence (AI). Participants exploited female-labeled AI and distrusted male-labeled AI, mirroring human-human interaction biases.

Keywords:
artificial intelligenceemotion in artificial intelligencehuman-level artificial intelligencepsychologysocial sciences

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Area of Science:

  • Human-computer interaction
  • Artificial intelligence ethics
  • Social psychology

Background:

  • Human-machine cooperation is crucial as artificial intelligence (AI) integrates into daily life.
  • Existing research indicates humans are less cooperative with AI than with humans and may exploit AI.
  • While AI's human-like features affect cooperation, the influence of AI's assigned gender is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cooperation with AI partners is affected by assigned gender labels.
  • To compare cooperation patterns between human and AI partners across different gender labels.

Main Methods:

  • A Prisoner's Dilemma game was used to assess cooperation.
  • 402 participants interacted with AI and human partners assigned male, female, non-binary, or gender-neutral labels.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited gender biases in cooperation with AI, mirroring human-human interaction patterns.
  • Female-labeled AI agents were exploited more than human counterparts.
  • Male-labeled AI agents were distrusted more than human counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • AI gender labels significantly influence human cooperation, reflecting societal gender biases.
  • Understanding and mitigating gender bias in AI is essential for ethical AI design, policy, and regulation.