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Microwave-induced complexation between sorghum starch and caffeic acid: Structural modulation and its impact on
Zongwei Hao1, Jiameng Wang1, Yixuan Xu1
1Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, College of Food and Nutrition, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Microwave-assisted technology offers an efficient and eco-friendly method for starch modification. In this study, sorghum starch (SS) was treated under varying microwave durations and complexed with caffeic acid (CA) to form SS-CA complexes. Microwave treatment significantly reduced crystallinity (24.07 % to 3.51 %), disrupted short-range order, and caused granule swelling, aggregation, and decreased thermal stability. Complexation induced a V-type inclusion structure. The SS-CA (120 s) complex showed a 9.17 % reduction in rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and a 14.40 % increase in resistant starch (RS). Molecular docking and DFT analyses confirmed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces dominated SS-CA interactions. During 0-7 days of storage, free water content in the SS-CA gel increased only 1.58 % compared to 5.93 % in native SS, indicating reduced retrogradation. The SS-CA complex displayed lower gelatinization enthalpy and improved phase stability. These findings suggest the potential of microwave-assisted SS-CA complexes in developing low-glycemic starch-based foods.
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