OpenDosimeter: Open hardware personal X-ray dosimeter

Radiation workers need accurate monitoring of X-ray exposure, but existing solutions are either inaccessible, expensive, or provide delayed feedback. We present OpenDosimeter ( www.opendosimeter.org ), an open hardware solution for real-time personal X-ray dose monitoring. Using a scintillator-based X-ray sensor on a custom board powered by a Raspberry Pi Pico, OpenDosimeter provides real-time feedback (1 Hz), data logging (10 hours), and battery-powered operation. A core innovation is that we calibrate the device using ²⁴¹Am found in ionization smoke detectors. Specifically, we use the γ-emissions to spectrally calibrate the dosimeter, then calculate the effective dose from X-ray exposure using the scintillator absorption efficiency and energy-to-dose coefficients derived from public tabulated data. We demonstrate that this transparent approach enables dose rate readings with linear response between 0.1-1000 μSv/h at  ± 25% accuracy, tested for energies up to 120 keV. The maximum dose rate readings are limited by pile-up effects when approaching count rate saturation (~77,000 counts per second at  ~13 μs average pulse-processing time). The total cost for making an OpenDosimeter is <$100, which, combined with its open design, enables cost-effective local reproducibility on a global scale. This paper complements the open-source documentation by explaining the underlying technology, algorithms, and areas for future improvement.