Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of customized 3D-printed Bone Scaffold based on a Discrete Phase Method

This study explores the effect of a scaffold geometry on cell distribution within a cell culture system with specific environment conditions, employing computational modeling and discrete phase method (DPM) to analyze cell motion and attachment. Using a cubic polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold designed with controlled porosity and architecture, simulations were performed using DPM to examine the interaction between scaffold design and fluid flow dynamics and how the cells motion is affected. The findings highlight that the role of the scaffold architecture and fluid conditions are essential in the optimization of cell seeding efficiency. The results provide a foundation for developing tailored scaffold designs that enhance cellular interaction, adhesion, and proliferation, thereby supporting successful tissue regeneration applications.Clinical Relevance- Large bone defects often require invasive surgical interventions that come with significant risks and variable success rates. Bone tissue engineering (BTE), combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, provides a powerful approach for designing scaffolds that enhance bone regeneration. By understanding how fluid dynamics influence cell viability and growth within porous scaffolds, this study helps optimize scaffold design to improve osteogenic performance. These insights can lead to more effective and reliable bone graft alternatives, reducing the need for complex surgeries and improving patient outcomes in orthopedic and reconstructive medicine.