Bone Cement Preparation Methods and Safety Precautions for Perioperative Nurses: A Comprehensive Review

Bone cement, a polymer material frequently used in orthopaedic joint replacement procedures, has been in use since the 1870s when prostheses were crafted from plaster and resin. The meticulous preparation of bone cement is a crucial task handled by operating room nurses to ensure patient safety. During the preparation of bone cement, an irritating and pungent vapor is exposed due to the methyl methacrylate monomer. Special vacuum mixing techniques are used to minimize exposure to this vapor, protecting both patients and medical staff during surgeries. These methods increase safety by reducing the spread of methyl methacrylate monomer vapor to the environment and contribute to the success of the surgery by ensuring that the cement is homogeneous. However, any mistakes or oversights in the application process can result in serious health issues. Given the dangers associated with breathing in or touching methyl methacrylate monomers, it is essential for operating room nurses to carry out this process correctly by strictly following safety rules. This review aims to discuss bone cement preparation methods, safety precautions, and potential challenges based on literature.