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Key features of sustainable capacities for risk communication in health emergencies: analysis of Joint External

Asuka Takeda¹, Kaoruko Seino¹, Hiroko Okuda¹

¹Department of Health Crisis Management, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.

Journal of Global Health

|December 4, 2025

Abstract

Background:

Risk communication is a fundamental component of public health resilience during health emergencies. While the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) framework established by the World Health Organization under the International Health Regulations assesses risk communication capacity, cross-country comparisons to identify good practices that could inform improvements in global risk communication remain unexamined. We aim to identify the key elements of effective risk communication practices by analysing high-scoring countries in JEE mission reports.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective observational study using publicly available JEE mission reports from 103 countries that had completed evaluations as of October 2022. Using a five-point evaluation scale, we defined good practices as highlighted strengths in risk communication for indicators reflecting 'demonstrated capacity' (score four) or 'sustainable capacity' (score five). We documented the JEE-assessed countries and score descriptions to contextualise good practice identification. We performed a cluster analysis of the extracted good practices to identify the recurring themes and key elements across five risk communication indicators.

Results:

We identified 420 good practices and coded them based on the JEE technical questions. Frequently cited key elements included 'clear roles and responsibilities', 'regular testing and exercises', 'dedicated staff and funding', and 'feedback mechanisms from the audience'. Additionally, innovative approaches such as 'rumour monitoring systems' and 'digital literacy education' were identified, thus providing insights into practical strategies for effective risk communication during health emergencies.

Conclusions:

This analysis of JEE mission reports highlights the key features of sustainable risk communication capacities. By identifying key elements that can inform the development of risk communication strategies, we offer insights to help countries enhance systems and strengthen public health resilience in the face of future emergencies.

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