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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Interlaboratory validation of the human thyroid microtissue assay.

Chad Deisenroth1, Briana Foley1, Eda Rogers2

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|December 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A validated human thyroid microtissue assay reliably measures thyroid hormone disruption. This new approach method (NAM) reduces animal testing for chemicals impacting the endocrine system.

Keywords:
endocrine toxicologynew approach methodsthyroidthyroid disrupting chemicalsvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology
  • In Vitro Methods

Background:

  • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is exploring new approach methods (NAMs) to screen chemicals affecting the thyroid endocrine system.
  • Validating these NAMs is crucial for regulatory decision-making and reducing animal testing.
  • The human thyroid microtissue assay is a promising in vitro method for assessing thyroid disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an interlaboratory validation of the human thyroid microtissue assay.
  • To evaluate the assay's relevance and reliability for screening thyroid disruptors.
  • To establish confidence in NAM data for regulatory applications.

Main Methods:

  • Study design and standard operating procedures were defined in collaboration with NICEATM and industry partners.
  • Test method transfer, training, and within-laboratory performance were evaluated.
  • Interlaboratory testing of reference chemicals was conducted with independent monitoring by experts.

Main Results:

  • The thyroid microtissue model demonstrated reliable transferability to new laboratories.
  • Reproducible effects on thyroid hormone synthesis were observed across labs.
  • Interlaboratory testing of reference chemicals met performance criteria, showing consistent bioactivity.

Conclusions:

  • The validated human thyroid microtissue assay reliably measures thyroid hormone synthesis perturbations.
  • This assay supports a NAM-based testing strategy, reducing reliance on animal testing.
  • It addresses a critical mode of action of regulatory concern for endocrine disruptors.