You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Víctor A de Cos1, Rishi N Modi2, Sandhya Kalavacherla3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA, vdecos@uw.edu.
Salvaging a failed gracilis free muscle transfer (GFMT) for facial reanimation is possible by transferring the nerve to masseter (NTM) to the obturator nerve, even after 11 months. This technique offers hope for improved facial movement outcomes.
Area of Science:
Background: