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Environment and Brain Interactions: Typical Development of Learning and Memory Networks From Fetus to Age Two.

Gerry Leisman1, Rahela Alfasi1, Amedeo D'Angiulli2,3

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Infant learning and memory development begin in the fetal stage, with neural connections forming early. This review explores brain development, learning, and memory from fetus to toddler, including recent research and electroencephalography findings.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Early life is characterized by significant brain development and cognitive growth.
  • Foundations for learning and memory are established during infancy.
  • Understanding neuroanatomy is key to comprehending learning and memory evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review brain development, learning, and memory in fetuses and infants up to two years old.
  • To explore how environmental stimuli influence learning and memory in early development.
  • To present recent research findings and insights into fetal and infant learning and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of brain development, learning, and memory processes.
  • Analysis of neuroanatomical development from fetal stages through early childhood.
  • Comparison of learning and memory changes with electroencephalography data.

Main Results:

  • Neural connections and key brain structures begin forming during the fetal stage and continue post-birth.
  • Fetuses, infants, and toddlers demonstrate the capacity to absorb stimuli and develop learning and memory.
  • Recent research offers updated insights into the developmental trajectory of learning and memory.

Conclusions:

  • The development of learning and memory is a continuous process starting in utero.
  • Environmental interactions play a vital role in shaping cognitive capabilities in early life.
  • Further research, including electroencephalography, enhances our understanding of early learning and memory.