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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Understanding the Self01:28

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The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...
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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Gestalt Psychology01:14

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Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view,...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine
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Perception as self-organizing interaction: embodied cognition, artificial intelligence, and autism.

Gerry Leisman1,2, Raymond Roy3, Rahela Alfasi1

  • 1Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.

Frontiers in Psychology
|April 15, 2026
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Summary

Perception is an active, embodied process, not just internal reconstruction. Embodied cognition and AI show how sensorimotor interaction shapes sensory experience and informs autism research.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)embodied artificial intelligenceembodied cognitionpredictive processingself-organizing perceptionsensorimotor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Neuroscience
  • Perceptual Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Research
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Traditionally, perception is viewed as internal reconstruction of external stimuli.
  • Recent evidence challenges this representational view, suggesting active, embodied engagement.
  • Embodied cognition theories highlight the role of bodily constraints, action, and environmental feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Integrate embodied cognition with contemporary AI models of perception.
  • Argue that embodiment enables robust, context-sensitive sensory cognition.
  • Extend the embodied framework to understand sensory-perceptual differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical integration of embodied cognition and AI.
  • Review of converging evidence from multiple scientific domains.
  • Application of embodied AI as a formal testbed for autism research.

Main Results:

  • Perception emerges from active, embodied engagement, not passive processing.
  • Embodiment acts as a generative constraint for sensory cognition in biological and artificial systems.
  • Sensory-perceptual differences in ASD may stem from variations in embodied self-organization and temporal coordination.

Conclusions:

  • Embodied AI systems can model autism-relevant perceptual mechanisms.
  • Interaction-based technologies can support perceptual coherence in ASD.
  • Perception is fundamentally an ongoing process of sensorimotor interaction and regulation.