Post-intervention Psychosocial Outcomes Among Tuberculosis Patients in India: The Role of Community Engagement

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health concern globally, with psychosocial factors such as anxiety, depression, stigma, and social support influencing treatment outcomes. Previous studies have consistently reported high prevalence rates of psychological distress among patients with pulmonary TB. This study sought to explore these psychosocial variables across four Indian states to examine both prevalence and contextual influences. Methodology This study conducted a cross-sectional, post-intervention assessment. Participants diagnosed with TB from the Indian states of Karnataka, Assam, Bihar, and Telangana were assessed for anxiety, depression, stigma, and perceived social support. State-wise comparisons were conducted to examine differences in prevalence rates and variability of scores. Results The present study found a low prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression among participants, with seven (5.11%) reporting elevated anxiety scores and four (2.91%) reporting elevated depression scores. State-wise analysis showed higher variability in Karnataka and Assam, while Bihar and Telangana presented stable outcomes. Overall, 72 (52.55%) participants were male, and 65 (47.45%) participants were female, reflecting gender differences in healthcare-seeking behavior. Socioeconomic and literacy factors influenced treatment duration, with participants from lower economic backgrounds and rural regions experiencing delays in healthcare access. Conclusions The findings suggest that while the overall prevalence of psychological distress was low, state-specific variations and sociodemographic factors significantly shaped treatment experiences. Context-sensitive interventions addressing awareness, stigma reduction, and psychosocial support are essential to enhance TB management and patient well-being.