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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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A modular platform to display multiple hemagglutinin subtypes on a single immunogen.

Dana Thornlow Lamson1,2, Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed1, Mya Vu1

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New influenza vaccines use a

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Seasonal influenza vaccines require frequent updates.
  • Current vaccines offer limited protection against novel or pandemic strains.
  • Next-generation vaccines aim for broader, cross-reactive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel immunogen for broad influenza protection.
  • To assess the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of a new 'beads-on-a-string' (BOAS) immunogen.
  • To evaluate the necessity of nanoparticle scaffolds for BOAS efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed BOAS immunogens linking up to eight hemagglutinin (HA) head domains.
  • Immunized mice with BOAS immunogens and assessed serum responses.
  • Tested BOAS conjugated to ferritin nanoparticles.
  • Compared BOAS immunogens to a mixture of individual HA domains.

Main Results:

  • BOAS immunogens were immunogenic in mice, eliciting robust responses to each component.
  • BOAS induced cross-reactive immunity against influenza subtypes not included in the immunogen.
  • Ferritin nanoparticle conjugation did not enhance BOAS serum responses.
  • A simple mixture of HA domains failed to replicate the neutralization profile of BOAS.

Conclusions:

  • The BOAS platform effectively elicits broad, cross-reactive humoral responses to diverse influenza HA subtypes.
  • BOAS immunogens provide a potent strategy for developing next-generation influenza vaccines without nanoparticle augmentation.
  • This platform shows promise for other viral glycoprotein immunogens.