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Units and Standards of Measurement

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, consider a metallic cube. We might define its mass and dimensions by specifying methods for measuring them, such as using a weighing machine and a meter scale. Then, we could define the volume by stating that it is the cube of its side, and we could calculate the density as the mass divided by the volume.
Measurements of physical quantities are...

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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Measuring Physical Characteristics and Physical Capacities in Rugby Union: A Systematic Review.

Corey Bocking^1,2,3, Louise Marvin^1,2, Aaron J Coutts^1,2

¹University of Technology Sydney (UTS), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|December 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review found no consensus on how to measure physical characteristics and capacities in rugby union players. More research is needed to identify key attributes for effective player preparation and performance enhancement.

Keywords:

fitness performance power strength testing

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Human Movement Science
Physical Education

Background:

Rugby union performance relies heavily on physical characteristics and capacities.
Effective physical preparation strategies require a clear understanding of these attributes.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review literature on physical characteristics and capacities in rugby union.
To focus on positional differences and competition levels.
To describe common testing methods for these attributes.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search (electronic and manual).
Inclusion of 445 studies.
Analysis of reported outcomes across anthropometry, speed, strength, power, and aerobic/anaerobic capacities.

Main Results:

A wide range of testing methods were used across the included studies.
Key physical performance constructs were reported, including anthropometry, change of direction, linear speed, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, strength, and power.
No consensus exists on applied testing, assessment, or outcome measures for crucial physical qualities in rugby union.

Conclusions:

There is a lack of empirical evidence to guide the selection of optimal testing batteries for rugby union.
Practitioners may need to rely on theoretical frameworks to inform test selection.
Identifying specific physical characteristics and capacities crucial for rugby performance is essential for selecting relevant tests and metrics.