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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

4.4K
The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain
04:24

Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain

Published on: June 6, 2025

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Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain.

Nejin Chacko1, Anita R Gross1, Jordan Miller2

  • 1School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Manual therapy combined with exercise may improve function but not pain when compared to placebo for chronic neck pain. However, it significantly reduces pain and improves function compared to no treatment, with minimal adverse events.

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Area of Science:

  • Evidence-based medicine
  • Musculoskeletal rehabilitation
  • Clinical trials

Background:

  • Manual therapy and exercise are effective for neck pain individually.
  • The combined effect of manual therapy and exercise for neck pain is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of combining manual therapy with exercise.
  • To compare this combined approach against placebo or no treatment for adults with neck pain.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Included nine RCTs with 694 participants comparing manual therapy with exercise to placebo or no treatment.
  • Assessed outcomes including pain intensity, function, quality of life, treatment success, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Compared to placebo, manual therapy with exercise showed moderate functional improvement but minimal pain reduction (low-certainty evidence).
  • Compared to no treatment, it led to significant pain reduction and functional improvement (low-certainty evidence).
  • Non-serious adverse events were minimally increased; data on serious adverse events and treatment success were limited.

Conclusions:

  • Manual therapy with exercise may improve function but not significantly reduce pain compared to placebo.
  • This combination therapy offers substantial benefits for pain and function when compared to no treatment.
  • Further high-quality trials are needed, particularly for acute and subacute neck pain, with improved reporting standards.