Validation and Reliability of the Malay Version Device-Oriented Subjective Outcome Scale: A Preliminary Study

The device-oriented subjective outcome (DOSO) was originally designed to evaluate hearing aid performance in terms of communication ease, satisfaction, and listening effort. It underwent review by a panel of eight experts from audiology and related disciplines. The Malay version of the DOSO scale was assessed for content validity, face validity, and reliability to confirm its cultural appropriateness and precision in evaluating hearing aid outcomes among Malaysian users. Fifteen items were revised to improve clarity based on the expert's feedback. Face validity testing was conducted with 33 experienced hearing aid users, and test-retest reliability was evaluated using seven participants. The content validity analysis revealed a high item-level Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.62 to 1.00, alongside a robust overall Scale-Level Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.90. Face validity scores (I-FVI: 0.67-1.00; S-FVI/Ave: 0.88) and a comprehension clarity score of 0.86 suggest that the tool was effectively understood. Cronbach's α values varied between 0.77 and 1.00, indicating good to excellent internal consistency. The validated Malay DOSO serves as a reliable tool for assessing hearing aid outcomes, thereby endorsing its use in both clinical and community contexts in Malaysia. Additional research involving a more diverse population is recommended to improve generalizability.