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Related Concept Videos

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Psychedelics in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects for Neuroimmune Modulation and Repair.

Ivan Anchesi1, Maria Francesca Astorino2, Ivana Raffaele1

  • 1IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.

Cells
|December 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Psychedelics may offer new hope for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neural repair. However, current evidence is limited, suggesting non-hallucinogenic compounds are a more promising future therapeutic strategy.

Keywords:
BDNFHTR2A receptorsglial cellsmultiple sclerosisneuroinflammationneuroplasticitypsychedelic compoundstherapeutic strategies

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatments target peripheral immunity but lack neural repair capabilities.
  • A therapeutic gap exists for agents promoting both neuroinflammation suppression and neural regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate psychedelic compounds (PSYs) for their potential to address MS by activating 5-HT2A receptors.
  • To explore if PSYs can simultaneously reduce neuroinflammation and enhance neural repair in the central nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on PSYs' effects on neuroimmune milieu.
  • Analysis of PSYs' impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF).
  • Critical assessment of translational barriers and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • PSYs show potential to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in glial cells.
  • PSYs may upregulate neurotrophic factors like BDNF, supporting synaptic plasticity and oligodendrocyte function.
  • Evidence from non-specific inflammation models is insufficient to predict efficacy in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Direct clinical use of PSYs for MS faces significant translational barriers (cardiovascular, psychiatric, legal, ethical).
  • The true value of PSYs may lie in identifying novel therapeutic pathways.
  • Non-hallucinogenic, selective 5-HT2A agonists inspired by PSY pharmacology offer a more viable strategy for MS therapy, requiring further preclinical validation.