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Metabolic Engineering Strategy for Bacillus subtilis Producing MK-7.

Shiying Wu^1,2, Xiuwen Sun², Tingwen Fan²

¹Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.

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|December 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a vitamin K2 form, is crucial for vascular health. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis enhances MK-7 production for industrial applications.

Keywords:

Bacillus subtilis MK-7 biosynthesis metabolic engineering

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Microbiology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a bioactive vitamin K2 form with significant health benefits, including inhibition of vascular calcification and maintenance of calcium homeostasis.
Bacillus subtilis is a well-established microbial host for MK-7 production due to its natural biosynthetic pathway, genetic tractability, and safety profile.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for enhanced MK-7 production.
To analyze the MK-7 biosynthetic pathway and discuss strategies for optimizing its industrial fermentation.

Main Methods:

Pathway analysis of MK-7 biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Metabolic engineering strategies targeting substrate utilization, secretion, spore/biofilm formation, and oxidative-stress defense.

Main Results:

Identification of key modules for MK-7 production optimization.
Discussion of engineering approaches to improve MK-7 yield in Bacillus subtilis.

Conclusions:

Bacillus subtilis serves as an efficient chassis for industrial MK-7 fermentation.
Targeted metabolic engineering can significantly boost MK-7 production, offering therapeutic and industrial benefits.