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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
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FRET with Upconversion Nanoparticles.

Eduard Madirov1, Niko Hildebrandt1

  • 1McMaster University, Department of Engineering Physics, Hamilton, Ontario M8S 4K1 Canada.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) combined with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) offer advanced optical biosensing. Optimizing UCNP architecture and surface chemistry is key to overcoming challenges and enabling new bioanalytical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Optical Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are valuable for optical biosensing and imaging due to their unique photophysical properties.
  • Combining UCNPs with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is promising for studying biomolecular interactions.
  • Challenges exist due to UCNP size, low absorption, and donor-acceptor distance effects on FRET efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in UCNP-FRET systems for biosensing and bioimaging.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming limitations in UCNP-FRET development.
  • To highlight future directions for UCNP-FRET applications in biomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Development of advanced UCNP core-shell architectures.
  • Surface functionalization and bioconjugation of UCNPs.
  • Optimization of FRET acceptor selection and photophysical characterization.
  • Advanced modeling for understanding UCNP-FRET mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Smaller UCNP sizes and novel architectures improve FRET efficiency.
  • Surface coatings and bioconjugation enhance UCNP-FRET performance.
  • Understanding donor-acceptor distance and quenching effects is crucial.
  • Optimized UCNP-FRET systems show potential in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in UCNP-FRET technology.
  • Further research is needed for complete mechanistic understanding and material optimization.
  • UCNP-FRET holds great promise for translation into clinical bioanalysis and biomedicine.