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Decadal Meta-Analysis Confirms Bacillus spp. Optimizes Fish Intestinal Microbiota.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|December 12, 2025
Summary
Bacillus species supplementation enhances fish gut microbiota diversity and beneficial bacteria, supporting their use as probiotics in aquaculture. This research confirms Bacillus spp. positively regulate fish intestinal microbiota.
Area of Science:
- Aquatic microbiology
- Animal science
- Probiotics research
Background:
- Antibiotic use in aquaculture is decreasing.
- Bacillus species are explored as probiotics for fish health.
- Limited analysis exists on Bacillus spp. effects on fish gut microbiota.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the effectiveness of Bacillus spp. supplementation in aquaculture.
- To investigate changes in fish gut microbiota due to Bacillus spp. variations.
- To provide evidence for Bacillus spp. as probiotics in fish farming.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequence data (2012-2022).
- Combined and summarized studies meeting inclusion criteria.
- Statistical analysis of alpha and beta diversity indices.
Main Results:
- Bacillus spp. increased alpha diversity (Shannon, Simpson, Pielou indices).
- Chao1 index was influenced by Bacillus spp. type, form, duration, and amount.
- Increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and beneficial bacteria; decreased potential pathogens.
Conclusions:
- Bacillus spp. supplementation positively modulates fish intestinal microbiota.
- Findings support the application of Bacillus spp. as effective probiotics in aquaculture.
- Evidence confirms Bacillus spp. enhance fish health via microbiota regulation.

