Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.0K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.0K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

15.1K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
15.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.5K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.0K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.0K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.9K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.9K
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

61.1K
Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
61.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic Insights into Layered Growth of Imine-Linked Bilayer 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

High Charge Carrier Mobility in Non-Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

CMOS-Compatible ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Based Film for Photoplethysmography Sensors Enabling Accurate and Sensitive Health Monitoring.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

POM-Based Water Splitting Catalyst Under Acid Conditions Driven by Its Assembly on Carbon Nanotubes.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Two-Dimensional Self-Assembled Molecular Networks.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Engineered Protein-Based Ionic Conductors for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same journal

Sub1 contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction driven by aging in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The BRCA1-A complex restricts replication fork reversal-dependent DNA repair in ATM deficient cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Click-polymerized polyenamine membranes for efficient lithium extraction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.0K

Why covalent organic frameworks grow twisted on graphite.

Veniero Lenzi1, Karol Strutyński1, Manuel Melle-Franco2

  • 1CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.

Nature Communications
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied the growth of pyrene diboronic acid (PDBA) Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) on graphite. They found that growth conditions lock the COFs into specific twisted stackings, crucial for creating novel 2D materials.

More Related Videos

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors
08:43

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors

Published on: November 7, 2016

8.4K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.0K
Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors
08:43

Effect of Bending on the Electrical Characteristics of Flexible Organic Single Crystal-based Field-effect Transistors

Published on: November 7, 2016

8.4K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • 2D Materials
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Van der Waals 2D materials, including graphene and Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), are promising for superconductive and twistronic devices.
  • Recent advances have enabled high-quality pyrene diboronic acid (PDBA) COFs on graphite, exhibiting reproducible twisted stackings and moiré superlattices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the fundamental processes governing the formation of twisted PDBA COFs on graphitic surfaces.
  • To investigate the role of twist angles and growth dynamics in COF self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hybrid molecular mechanics force field with near-density functional theory (DFT) accuracy.
  • Simulated the growth of PDBA COFs at various twist angles on a graphitic substrate.

Main Results:

  • The number of available thermodynamic minima decreases significantly during PDBA COF growth, locking the structure into specific twisted stackings.
  • Surface mobility of COF precursors is highly dependent on the size and twist angle of the growing structure.

Conclusions:

  • The observed locking mechanism and altered surface mobility are key factors in the successful synthesis of twisted PDBA COFs monolayers.
  • These findings provide fundamental insights for the rational design and synthesis of advanced 2D materials with tailored electronic properties.