Evaluating mechanical and optical patterns of translucent zirconia ceramics

Translucent zirconia ceramics are increasingly used in dentistry, but improvements in translucency often compromise strength and alter microstructure. This in vitro study compared mechanical and optical properties of 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ zirconia. Forty disc specimens were tested for biaxial flexural strength, surface roughness, translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR) and microstructure under SEM. Results showed 3Y-TZP had significantly higher flexural strength, whereas 5Y-PSZ exhibited superior translucency, with comparable surface roughness between groups. Thus, we show that 3Y-TZP is better suited for load-bearing regions, while 5Y-PSZ is preferable for anterior esthetic restorations, highlighting the need to balance strength and translucency in material selection.