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Solid Additives Promote Side-Chain Ordering and Molecular Packing To Enhance the Performance of Organic Solar Cells.

Huaipu Cui1,2, Yanfeng Liu1,2, Yu He1,2

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Solid additives like halogenated naphthalenes improve organic solar cell (OSC) performance by enhancing active layer morphology. 1,8-dibromonaphthalene offers the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to promoted Y6 aggregation and improved crystallinity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Solid additives are crucial for optimizing organic solar cell (OSC) performance by controlling active layer morphology.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms by which solid additives influence OSC performance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of three halogenated solid additives (1,8-dichloronaphthalene, 1,8-dibromonaphthalene, 1,8-diiodonaphthalene) on PM6:Y6 blends.
  • To elucidate the molecular-level mechanisms behind the performance enhancement in organic solar cells mediated by these additives.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of organic solar cells using PM6:Y6 blends with different halogenated naphthalene additives.
  • Utilized ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to study morphology and electronic properties.
  • Employed grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and interface-specific sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to analyze crystallinity and molecular ordering.

Main Results:

  • All three halogenated additives enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic solar cells.
  • 1,8-dibromonaphthalene resulted in the highest PCE, attributed to favorable phase separation driven by promoted Y6 aggregation.
  • Additives led to enhanced crystallinity and increased ordering of alkyl side chains in both PM6 and Y6 active layers.

Conclusions:

  • Solid additives, specifically halogenated naphthalenes, can effectively tune the morphology and improve the performance of organic solar cells.
  • The study provides fundamental insights into the working mechanisms of solid additives in OSCs, highlighting the role of aggregation and molecular ordering.
  • Findings offer guidance for the rational design of novel solid additives to further advance organic solar cell technology.