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Propyl Gallate Mitigates Gastric Injury Caused by Indomethacin in Wistar Rats
Felix Widodo1, Yun-Ya Wang2, Tsair-Bor Yen1
1Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|December 22, 2025
Summary
Propyl gallate (PG) demonstrates significant gastroprotective effects against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats. This food-grade antioxidant reduces gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation and boosting antioxidant defenses.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Propyl gallate (PG) is an edible food-grade antioxidant.
- Its potential for gastroprotection remains underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the gastroprotective effects of PG against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats.
Main Methods:
- Rats were pretreated with varying doses of PG (20, 40, 100 mg/kg) or omeprazole for 7 days.
- Gastric mucosal injury was induced using indomethacin (100 mg/kg).
- Gastric tissues were analyzed for ulcer area, inflammatory markers, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
Main Results:
- PG significantly reduced gastric ulcer area in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05).
- PG suppressed the expression of inflammatory proteins (NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) and restored PGE2 levels.
- PG enhanced antioxidant defenses, indicated by increased GSH levels and SOD activity.
Conclusions:
- Propyl gallate exhibits significant gastroprotective properties.
- These effects are mediated by combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
- PG shows promise as a therapeutic agent for gastric mucosal injury.
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