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Monitoring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Using Self-Targeting Water-Activated Pure Afterglow Luminescence Materials.

Ya Ting Gao1, Ming Jie Ye1, Han Bin Xu1

  • 1School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a water-activated crystallization strategy for pure afterglow luminescence (PAL) imaging of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This method overcomes water-quenching effects, enabling high-contrast visualization of ER degradation in living cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for cellular functions, but monitoring its stress responses is challenging due to imaging limitations.
  • Water-quenching effects hinder traditional afterglow imaging techniques for cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel imaging strategy for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress using pure afterglow luminescence (PAL).
  • To overcome the water-quenching effect in afterglow imaging for enhanced cellular visualization.

Main Methods:

  • A water-activated crystallization engineering strategy was employed using carbon dots-doped B2O3 matrices (CDs@B2O3).
  • Amorphous B2O3 matrices were transformed into crystalline boric acid (BA) matrices upon water introduction, forming CDs@BA.
  • This transition suppressed prompt fluorescence (PF) and enabled pure afterglow luminescence (PAL) via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

Main Results:

  • CDs@BA exhibited a rigid structure and completely suppressed prompt fluorescence (PF), enabling high-performance PAL.
  • A record-breaking TADF lifetime of 632.0 ms was achieved.
  • CDs@BA demonstrated efficient aqueous afterglow performance and strong ER affinity, facilitating high-contrast, self-targeting ER imaging in living cells.
  • The study visualized ER degradation by lysosomes under nutrient deprivation stress.

Conclusions:

  • The developed crystallization engineering strategy effectively achieves aqueous PAL, overcoming water-quenching limitations.
  • CDs@BA provide a valuable tool for studying cellular physiology and ER stress in real-time.
  • This method offers high-contrast imaging while eliminating autofluorescence interference.