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Summary
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Malnutrition in rural India is linked to poorer cognitive function and brain structure. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) are key indicators for cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malnutrition is linked to cognitive decline, but research is limited in non-Western, rural populations.
  • Understanding these associations in diverse demographics is crucial for global health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between malnutrition, cognitive performance, and brain morphology in a rural South Indian cohort.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various nutritional indices in identifying individuals at risk.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 3687 non-demented adults (45+ years) from the CBR-SANSCOG study.
  • Nutritional status assessed via Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC).
  • Cognitive function evaluated using Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) and COGNITO tests; brain morphology analyzed via MRI in a subset (n=1150).

Main Results:

  • 8.8% to 19% of participants were at risk of malnutrition based on different indices.
  • GNRI showed the best agreement with the Standard Combined Index (SCI).
  • Positive associations were found between GNRI, BMI, MUAC, cognitive performance, and brain morphology. MUAC demonstrated a stronger link to cognitive domains than BMI.

Conclusions:

  • The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) reliably predicts cognitive performance and brain structure.
  • Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a simple, cost-effective indicator for identifying rural Indians at risk of cognitive impairment.