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Public Health.

Shruti Pandey1, Hitesh Pradhan2, Ravi S Muddashetty3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes negatively impacts cognitive function and brain structure in rural Indian adults, even before dementia onset. Poor glycemic control exacerbates attention deficits, underscoring the need for early diabetes management to reduce dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for dementia.
  • The impact of diabetes on cognition and brain structure in non-demented individuals, especially in rural India, is understudied.
  • This research investigates the relationship between diabetes, cognitive abilities, and brain MRI findings in middle-aged and older adults in rural India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between diabetes and cognitive performance in a rural Indian population.
  • To investigate the link between diabetes and brain structure using MRI.
  • To assess the influence of diabetes on cognitive functions and brain morphology in individuals without dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 3,983 participants (≥45 years) from the CBR-SANSCOG cohort in rural South India.
  • Diabetes diagnosed via clinical history or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Cognitive function assessed using the COGNITO battery.
  • Brain MRI (n=1,336) analyzed with VBM; multivariate regression adjusted for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with diabetes showed poorer performance in attention tasks (visual attention, reaction time) compared to non-diabetics (p<0.05).
  • Higher HbA1c levels correlated with worse attentional task performance.
  • MRI revealed reduced grey matter volume in the bilateral cerebellum and right putamen in individuals with diabetes (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes is linked to attention deficits and grey matter loss in the cerebellum and putamen, preceding dementia onset in rural Indians.
  • Worsening glycemic control correlates with poorer attention.
  • Early diabetes diagnosis and intervention are crucial for mitigating dementia risk in this population.