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Public Health
Linlin Da1, Zhezheng Jin2, Qianhui Xu3
1University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 23, 2025
Summary
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) may slow cognitive decline in older adults, particularly in memory and executive function. However, racial and ethnic differences in cognitive decline rates were observed among SNAP participants.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is crucial for food security but its cognitive health impact on seniors is understudied.
- Limited research exists on SNAP's association with cognitive decline, especially concerning racial/ethnic disparities and specific cognitive domains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between SNAP participation and cognitive decline in older adults.
- To assess if this association varies across different racial/ethnic groups and cognitive domains.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 2,347 Health and Retirement Study participants enrolled in SNAP in 2010.
- Assessed cognition biennially from 2010-2020 via telephone or web-based interviews.
- Employed linear mixed regression models to analyze SNAP's association with cognitive decline across racial/ethnic groups.
Main Results:
- SNAP participation correlated with slower cognitive decline in global cognition, memory, and executive function.
- Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants showed slightly faster cognitive decline in global cognition and memory compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
- No significant racial/ethnic differences were found in executive function decline.
Conclusions:
- SNAP participation appears to slow cognitive decline, offering a protective effect for older adults.
- The cognitive benefits of SNAP may differ across racial and ethnic groups.
- Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking SNAP and cognitive health across diverse populations.
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