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Public Health.

Sadaf Arefi Milani1, Izabella Galindo1, Alexandra Holland1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extreme heat exposure is linked to cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. Higher temperatures were associated with worse cognitive function and a faster decline over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Extreme heat events are increasing, posing significant health risks to vulnerable populations like older adults.
  • Cognitive function in older adults may be directly and indirectly impacted by heat exposure.
  • Understanding the effects of heat on cognition is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between extreme heat and cognitive function in older Mexican American adults.
  • To investigate the longitudinal impact of heat exposure on cognitive decline.
  • To identify potential risks of heat waves on the cognitive health of a specific demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) (2004/2005-2015/2016).
  • Linked heat data (daily maximum heat index) from GridMET to participant data for Texas and California residents.
  • Employed mixed effects models to analyze the association between yearly counts of extreme heat days (90°F+) and cognitive scores (MMSE).

Main Results:

  • Extreme heat (90°F+) was associated with worse baseline cognition (β: -0.008) and cognitive decline over time (β: -0.003).
  • Dangerous heat (104°F+) showed a stronger association with worse baseline cognition (β: -0.033) and decline over time (β: -0.005).
  • The study included 1,723 older Mexican American adults, with an average age of 81.7 years.

Conclusions:

  • Daily heat indices exceeding 90°F are associated with diminished cognitive function over time in older Mexican Americans.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific pathways linking heat exposure to cognitive impairment.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to protect older adults from heat-related cognitive risks.