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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Informant reports on cognitive functioning differ between the US and Mexico. Harmonized measures show Mexican informants report less cognitive impairment, suggesting potential underreporting of cognitive decline symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Cross-cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Population studies on cognitive functioning often use survey questionnaires to estimate dementia prevalence.
  • Informant questionnaires are used alongside direct cognitive assessments in international studies like the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP).
  • Statistical harmonization of informant assessments for cognitive functioning is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cross-cultural differences in informant responses regarding cognitive functioning.
  • To statistically harmonize informant assessments of cognitive functioning between the U.S. and Mexico.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) in the U.S. (n=3,183) and the Mexican Cognitive Aging Study (MexCOG) (n=1,259).
  • Examined informant reports on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID).
  • Employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test for differential item functioning (DIF) and develop a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model.

Main Results:

  • A harmonized measure of the CSID demonstrated fixed factor loadings but varying item thresholds between the U.S. and Mexico.
  • Informant reports, when harmonized, indicated less cognitive impairment in older adults in Mexico compared to the U.S., after controlling for directly assessed cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest potential underestimation of cognitive functioning by direct assessments in Mexico or systematic underreporting of cognitive decline symptoms by Mexican informants.
  • Highlights the need for culturally sensitive approaches in harmonizing cognitive assessment data.