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Moderate hearing loss in older adults is linked to poorer cognitive function, including memory and executive function. This study highlights the importance of addressing hearing health for cognitive well-being in aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Existing research links hearing loss to cognitive decline in older adults, primarily in Western populations.
  • Previous studies often relied on self-reported hearing, introducing potential bias.
  • This study addresses these limitations by using objective measures in a diverse population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between objectively measured hearing loss and cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of older Indians.
  • To examine cognitive performance across different domains (global, memory, executive function, visuospatial, language) in relation to hearing impairment.
  • To provide insights into hearing's impact on healthy aging in India.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD).
  • Employed pure-tone audiometry for objective hearing loss assessment (World Health Organization criteria).
  • Assessed cognitive function using a comprehensive test battery, analyzing global and domain-specific scores through multivariate linear regression, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Moderate hearing loss, unlike mild loss, was significantly associated with reduced global cognitive scores.
  • Individuals with moderate hearing loss also showed poorer scores in memory, executive function, visuospatial abilities, and language domains.
  • The findings were robust after adjusting for demographic, social, and health-related factors.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate or greater hearing loss is associated with poorer cognitive performance in older Indian adults.
  • This study is the first to demonstrate this link in a nationally representative Indian sample using objective hearing measures.
  • Further research in the LASI-DAD cohort and other global populations is recommended to understand the hearing-cognition relationship in aging.