Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

16.6K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
16.6K
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

334
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
334
Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

4.4K
Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
4.4K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.9K
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

648
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
648
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

16.7K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
16.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Technology-assisted physical activity among hospitalized medical patients: a cluster randomized trial.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Clinical care patterns in the 10-years prior to primary total hip replacement: a matched population-based case-control analysis in England.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Characterizing Meniscal Calcifications with Photon Counting-Based Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

Characterization of calcifications in posterior horn of human meniscus using micro-computed tomography.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2026
Same author

Composite outcome measures that successfully differentiate active treatments from placebo in psoriatic arthritis trials: a GRAPPA-OMERACT systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2026
Same author

Insights into the proportion of consultations for musculoskeletal disorders in Dutch general practice: a register-based retrospective cohort study.

BMC primary care·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness of a blended care intervention in physiotherapy with exercise and education for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (SmArt-E): a multicentre pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same journal

Through the lens of light sheet, knee innervation shines.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same journal

Deep Learning-based Quantification of Knee Effusion-Synovitis Volume on MRI - Technique Development and Validation.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same journal

Mapping articular cartilage maturation across postnatal development by proteomics.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same journal

Effect of an Oral Complementary Medicine Combination for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same journal

Multimodal characterization of articular cartilage degeneration in the humeral head using Raman spectroscopy, biomechanics, and imaging.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

12.9K

Why most responder analyses are misleading.

Aleksandra Turkiewicz1, Marius Henriksen2, Jos Runhaar3

  • 1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Responder analyses in osteoarthritis trials are misleading. Simulations show these methods underestimate treatment effectiveness and falsely suggest variability, even with highly effective treatments.

Keywords:
PainRandomized clinical trialResponder analysis

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.6K
Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

12.9K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.6K
Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials Methodology
  • Osteoarthritis Research
  • Pain Management Statistics

Background:

  • Responder analyses are common in osteoarthritis randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • These analyses typically rely on observed changes in self-reported pain from baseline.
  • Methodological literature indicates these responder analyses can be misleading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the extent of the problem with misleading responder analyses using simulation.
  • To evaluate the impact of natural pain fluctuations on responder analysis outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Generated individual pain trajectories using realistic assumptions (normal distribution, mean VAS 45, SDs).
  • Simulated data from RCTs with varying true treatment effects (0-15 VAS points) and responder proportions (0% or 100%).
  • Applied standard responder analysis methods to the simulated trial data.

Main Results:

  • Observed pain change from baseline does not equate to treatment response due to natural fluctuations.
  • Even with a 15-point VAS treatment effect and 0% placebo response, analyses suggested 80% responders vs. 50% in placebo.
  • This underestimates treatment efficacy and falsely implies heterogeneity in treatment effects.

Conclusions:

  • Responder analyses based on change from baseline in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain should be discontinued for parallel-group RCTs.
  • Responder criteria using change from baseline for other fluctuating patient-reported outcomes (symptoms, function, global assessment) require scrutiny due to similar limitations.