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Related Concept Videos

Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

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Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
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Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
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Patient-centered Care01:13

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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

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Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation01:24

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Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about...
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Ethical Issues01:27

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Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
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Autonomy and intraoperative teaching from faculty and resident perspectives.

Meredith Essandoh1, Michael Chaney1, Alain Elian1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI.

Surgery
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Surgical faculty and residents agree on autonomy but differ on intraoperative teaching. This highlights a need to align how both groups assess surgical resident skills for improved training.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Resident Assessment

Background:

  • Surgical resident autonomy is a key training goal.
  • This study examines the link between autonomy and intraoperative teaching.
  • Assessments are made by both faculty and residents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationship between resident autonomy and intraoperative teaching.
  • To compare faculty and resident perceptions of these skills.
  • To identify areas of agreement and discordance in surgical education.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2,338 intraoperative evaluations (July 2014-June 2024).
  • Utilized Global Rating Scale of Operative Performance and Zwisch autonomy scale.
  • Correlation analyses examined faculty and resident ratings of autonomy and teaching.

Main Results:

  • Moderate positive correlation between faculty-rated teaching and autonomy (r=0.45).
  • Moderate positive correlation between resident-rated teaching and autonomy (r=0.37).
  • Moderate correlation between faculty and resident autonomy scores (r=0.44), but weak correlation for teaching scores (r=0.13).

Conclusions:

  • Strong internal correlation between autonomy and teaching reported by both faculty and residents.
  • Significant discordance exists in the perception of intraoperative teaching.
  • Need for clearer assessment criteria for surgical resident autonomy and teaching is indicated.