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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Joice Coutinho de Alvarenga1,2,3,4, Ivonne Carolina Bolaños Burgos5, Gabriela Tomé Oliveira Engelmann1,4,6,7

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Cerebrospinal fluid eotaxin-1 levels were lower in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Higher eotaxin-1 is associated with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) may suppress neurogenesis and is linked to reduced medial temporal lobe volume in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
  • Understanding the role of eotaxin-1 in cognitive decline is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between eotaxin-1 (CCL11) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cognitive function in Brazilian older adults.
  • To determine if eotaxin-1 can serve as a biomarker for cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 108 older adults from the Cog-Aging Cohort Study (2023-2024).
  • Cognitive assessments (CDR, MMSE) and CSF collection were performed.
  • Cytokine levels, including eotaxin-1, were measured using Luminex xMAP.
  • Statistical analyses included Spearman's, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's Post-Hoc, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Eotaxin-1 levels showed a significant positive correlation with CDR scores and a negative correlation with MMSE scores.
  • Lower eotaxin-1 levels were observed in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals compared to those with MCI and dementia.
  • Logistic regression models indicated that age and eotaxin-1 levels were significant predictors of cognitive impairment, with eotaxin-1 inclusion improving predictive accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • CSF eotaxin-1 levels are significantly lower in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
  • Eotaxin-1 is associated with cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, suggesting its potential as a biomarker.