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Anti-Weightlessness Physiological Protection for the Lower Limb Muscle System Based on Biomimetic Adhesive Force

Yuanming Ji1, Zhili Li2, Peng Zou2

  • 1Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.

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|December 24, 2025
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Summary

Astronauts can now benefit from novel bio-inspired adhesive footwear. This technology enhances stability and muscle engagement in microgravity, combating bone-muscle deterioration and improving mobility during spaceflight.

Keywords:
biomimetic adhesionelectromyography (EMG) signalsmicrogravity countermeasuremicrostructuremulti-level hierarchyvan der Waals force

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics and Bio-inspired Engineering
  • Spaceflight Physiology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Advancements in crewed spaceflight necessitate countermeasures for microgravity-induced physiological effects like bone-muscle deterioration and movement instability.
  • Reptilian climbing mechanisms offer inspiration for novel solutions to enhance astronaut mobility and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate bio-inspired adhesive footwear for microgravity environments.
  • To assess the footwear's ability to stabilize foot positioning and promote musculoskeletal engagement.
  • To investigate the biomechanical performance and muscle stimulation effects of the footwear.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of bio-inspired adhesive footwear with controllable attachment-detachment.
  • Analysis of material adaptability to surfaces with varying curvatures and roughness.
  • Experimental investigation of contact mechanics and interfacial mechanisms of biomimetic microstructures.
  • Volunteer stepping exercises under simulated weightlessness, measuring interface contact stresses and electromyographic signals from lower limb muscles.

Main Results:

  • The footwear demonstrated low pre-load, strong adhesion, and controllable attachment-detachment capabilities.
  • Plantar adhesion forces between 50 and 105 N were found to effectively stimulate primary flexor muscles (biceps femoris, gastrocnemius).
  • The footwear successfully stabilized foot positioning and enhanced musculoskeletal engagement during simulated microgravity stepping exercises.

Conclusions:

  • The novel bio-inspired adhesive footwear provides a flexible and convenient solution for mitigating microgravity's physiological effects.
  • This technology can improve astronauts' mobility, operational performance, and overall well-being in space.
  • The study highlights the potential of biomimetic solutions in advancing space exploration capabilities.