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Self-Regulation as a Mediator and Moderator Between School Stress and School Well-Being: A Multilevel Study
Maja Gajda1, Aleksandra Jasińska-Maciążek1, Paweł Grygiel2
1Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, Mokotowska 16/20, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland.
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
|December 24, 2025
Summary
Student self-regulation skills positively impact school well-being by partially explaining the stress-well-being link. However, self-regulation does not moderate this association, highlighting the need for both individual skills and reduced classroom stressors.
Area of Science:
- Educational Psychology
- Child Psychology
- Adolescent Psychology
Background:
- School stress is a significant factor affecting student well-being.
- Self-regulation plays a crucial role in managing stress and promoting positive outcomes.
- Understanding the interplay between stress, self-regulation, and well-being is vital for educational interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between school stress (perceived and classroom-level) and school well-being.
- To investigate the mediating and moderating role of self-regulation in this relationship.
- To identify factors influencing student well-being in primary school settings.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study design.
- Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze individual and group-level data.
- Sample of 702 Polish primary school students (Grades 4, 6, 8).
Main Results:
- Higher perceived school stress was associated with lower school well-being.
- Classroom stressor exposure also significantly contributed to variations in student well-being.
- Self-regulation was positively linked to school well-being and mediated the stress-well-being association, but did not moderate it.
Conclusions:
- Both individual self-regulation skills and classroom environmental factors are important for student well-being.
- Interventions should focus on enhancing students' self-regulation abilities and reducing classroom stressors.
- Self-regulation aids in understanding the stress-well-being connection but does not buffer its negative effects.
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