Effects of lymphatic drainage and intense sports massage on muscle properties, damage, and function after eccentric...

This study evaluated the effects of lymphatic drainage (LD) and intense sports massage (IM) on muscle recovery after eccentric quadriceps exercise in combat sports athletes. Thirty-six athletes (24 men, 12 women; mean age 27.4 ± 4.1 years) were randomized into three groups: LD, IM, or Control. After a fatigue-inducing plyometric jump protocol, the LD and IM groups received six 30-minute recovery sessions over 72 h, while the Control group rested passively. Athletes were assessed at five time points-pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and a 24, 48, and 72 h-measuring perfusion (PU, Power Doppler Score), pressure pain threshold (PPT), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and perceived recovery (TQR scale). Both IM and LD groups showed significantly greater increase in PPT at 24, 48, and 72 h compared to controls (p = 0.004-<0.001), with LD showing superior outcomes at 24 h. IM consistently increased perfusion (p < 0.001-0.026). LD also led to lower creatine kinase and CRP levels (p < 0.001-0.017). In conclusion, LD and IM enhanced muscle recovery after intense exercise, with LD showing stronger effects on pain, inflammation, and IM improving tissue perfusion.Clinical trial registration: Registered as a clinical trial under the number ISRCTN10033645.