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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ramirez Joel1, Lauren Abby Woods1, Jeng-Liang Wu2

  • 1Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glymphatic dysfunction, measured by DTI-ALPS, is linked to brain atrophy and executive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Astrocytic extracellular vesicles (GFAP/GAL3) may indicate impaired perivascular space clearance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Glymphatic system dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) offers a non-invasive method to assess glymphatic function.
  • Lower DTI-ALPS indices correlate with reduced glymphatic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between DTI-ALPS index, circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), brain atrophy, and executive function.
  • To compare these measures between cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 35 CN and 33 MCI participants.
  • Utilized Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to calculate DTI-ALPS indices.
  • Collected plasma EVs (e.g., GFAP/GAL3) and assessed brain atrophy (BPF) and executive function (Trail-making tests).

Main Results:

  • MCI group showed significantly lower mean and left DTI-ALPS indices compared to CN.
  • In MCI, mean DTI-ALPS was strongly associated with brain atrophy (BPF).
  • Left DTI-ALPS index negatively correlated with executive function in both CN and MCI groups.

Conclusions:

  • Glymphatic dysfunction (DTI-ALPS) is associated with brain atrophy and executive dysfunction in CN and MCI.
  • GFAP/GAL3 may serve as a potential EV biomarker for perivascular space clearance dysfunction.
  • Further research will explore mediation models with imaging and EV biomarkers.