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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Averi Giudicessi1,2, Elouise A Koops2,3,4, Nikole A Bonillas Félix2

  • 1Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter integrity declines with age in older Latinos, with sex-specific differences observed in temporal pathways. This decline is linked to cognitive performance, suggesting diffusion metrics may predict early neurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • White matter deterioration is an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, often preceding cognitive symptoms.
  • Brain tracts are susceptible to early pathological changes, impacting inter-regional communication.
  • Understanding early neurodegeneration in aging populations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine white matter microstructure in relation to cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Latinos.
  • To identify age-related changes and sex-specific differences in white matter integrity.
  • To explore the potential of diffusion metrics as early biomarkers for cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to assess white matter microstructure in 122 unimpaired older Latino adults.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were extracted for 10 major white matter tracts.
  • Global cognitive performance (MMSE) was measured, and regression analyses controlled for age, sex, and education.

Main Results:

  • Age-related reductions in FA were found in the inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi.
  • Increased MD was observed in the anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and cingulum cingulate gyrus.
  • Cognitive performance correlated with white matter integrity in the hippocampal cingulum; sex differences were noted in the temporal superior longitudinal fasciculus.

Conclusions:

  • White matter integrity is vulnerable to age-related decline, with notable sex-specific differences in temporal pathways.
  • Diffusion metrics, particularly in the hippocampal cingulum, show potential as early biomarkers for cognitive decline.
  • Findings enhance understanding of cognitive aging mechanisms in Latino populations and age-related brain integrity changes.