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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Amanda Rodin1, Deepesh Khanna1

  • 1KPCOM, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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Summary
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Obesity increases inflammation and insulin resistance, contributing to an earlier onset of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Further research is needed to understand this link and develop interventions, particularly for at-risk populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex disease linked to chronic low-grade inflammation.
  • This inflammation elevates markers that may contribute to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature on obesity and its associated inflammatory markers in relation to Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and NIH databases (2020-2024).
  • Keywords included obesity, AD, inflammatory markers, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and immune signaling.
  • Included peer-reviewed English studies on obese populations within the last five years.

Main Results:

  • Obesity-induced inflammation and M1 macrophage activity promote neuroinflammation and microglia activation.
  • Insulin resistance in obesity contributes to amyloid plaque formation in the brain.
  • Oxidative stress disrupts the blood-brain barrier, leading to neuronal damage and AD pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a key factor in AD, with obesity as a significant risk factor.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the obesity-AD link and inform interventions.
  • Urgent interventions are needed, especially for ethnic groups like African American women disproportionately affected by both conditions.