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Clinical Manifestations.

Stephanie M Simone1, Moira McKniff1, Marina Kaplan1

  • 1Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Informant depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden significantly influence reports of everyday functioning in older adults. These factors, alongside cognitive status, are crucial for accurate functional assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Informant reports are vital for assessing everyday functioning in older adults, aiding in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus dementia.
  • Existing research highlights potential biases from informant demographics, but the impact of informant mood and distress remains under-explored.
  • This study addresses the gap by investigating how informant depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden affect functional ratings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if informant mood, anxiety, and distress influence ratings of everyday functioning.
  • To assess if these informant factors impact functional ratings independently of participant demographics and cognitive abilities.
  • To examine the relationship between caregiver burden and informant-reported functional status.

Main Methods:

  • 183 community-dwelling older adults and their informants completed validated questionnaires and cognitive tests.
  • Measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Assessment.
  • Hierarchical linear regression analyzed the influence of informant variables on the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) ratings.

Main Results:

  • Participant depressive symptoms and worse cognition were associated with higher (more impaired) FAQ ratings.
  • Informant depressive symptoms, anxiety, and caregiver burden were significantly linked to higher FAQ ratings.
  • Informant distress and caregiver burden, along with participant cognition, significantly predicted informant-reported functioning.

Conclusions:

  • High caregiver burden is associated with an over-reporting of functional impairment, consistent with findings in dementia samples.
  • This association extends to community-based older adult samples, including those without significant cognitive impairment.
  • Clinicians and researchers must consider informant distress when interpreting functional ability ratings.