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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yuhan Chen1, Zhiqi Mao2

  • 1Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High serum sodium levels are linked to increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. This suggests sodium dysregulation may be a therapeutic target for AD progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vascular dysfunction is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology.
  • The specific role of sodium in AD pathology requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum sodium levels and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognitive function.
  • To explore the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium-related proteins and AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 353 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) including serum sodium, CSF and PET biomarkers, MRI, and cognitive tests.
  • Examination of an independent sample (N=471) for CSF sodium-related proteins and AD biomarkers.
  • Application of linear regression and Spearman's correlation to assess relationships.

Main Results:

  • Higher serum sodium correlated with increased AD pathology (amyloid PET), reduced hippocampal volume, and cognitive decline.
  • Individuals with high serum sodium exhibited greater tau pathology and worse cognitive decline relative to amyloid PET levels.
  • Six CSF sodium-related proteins correlated with AD pathology and biomarkers; SCN2B and SCN3B showed the strongest associations.

Conclusions:

  • Serum sodium plays a significant role in AD progression, indicating a potential sodium dysregulation network in AD.
  • Targeting sodium presents a novel therapeutic strategy for slowing AD progression, particularly by mitigating amyloid-related downstream effects.