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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Elisa Konofagou1

  • 1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A portable focused ultrasound (FUS) system safely and effectively opened the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, reducing beta-amyloid levels. Real-time cavitation mapping guided treatment, showing a strong correlation with therapeutic outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits neurological disease treatment efficacy.
  • Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles can transiently open the BBB.
  • Existing FUS systems for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often MRI-bound or invasive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a portable FUS system for bedside BBB opening in AD patients.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of FUS-mediated BBB opening.
  • To utilize real-time cavitation mapping for treatment guidance.

Main Methods:

  • Five AD patients underwent transcranial FUS with microbubbles targeting the prefrontal cortex.
  • A real-time cavitation mapping system (passive acoustic mapping with coherence factor correction) monitored microbubble activity.
  • The system was optimized in non-human primates before clinical application in AD patients.

Main Results:

  • 60% of patients showed reduced beta-amyloid levels, confirmed by PET imaging (SUVr reduction).
  • A strong correlation (80%) was observed between cavitation dose and beta-amyloid reduction.
  • The portable FUS system demonstrated safe and efficient BBB opening within 20-30 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • A portable FUS system is safe and effective for reducing beta-amyloid in mild to moderate AD.
  • Real-time cavitation mapping provides crucial feedback on treatment safety and efficacy.
  • Future research will explore FUS effects on cognition and tau pathology.