A review of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai polysaccharides: Extraction, structural characteristics, pharmacology,
Mengru Zhang1, Xinrui Xu1, Zhaojiong Zhang1
1Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150000, China.
Ethnopharmacological Relevance:
Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, a traditional Chinese herb used for heat-clearing and detoxification, derives its efficacy largely from its polysaccharides. This review links these traditional uses to modern pharmacological evidence, demonstrating that the polysaccharides' multi-targeted immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities validate the herb's ethnopharmacological value.
Aim Of The Review:
This review, as the first to focus on S. glabra polysaccharides, synthesizes their extraction, structure, and activities to clarify the unclear structure-activity relationships, thereby providing a foundation for their development into functional foods and therapeutics.
Materials And Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI (2000-2025) using key terms including "Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai", "Sarcandra glabra", and "polysaccharide". Botanical nomenclature was validated against authoritative taxonomic resources to ensure retrieval accuracy.
Results:
S. glabra polysaccharides are obtained primarily through hot-water or buffer extraction and subsequent purification. Structural analyses identify S. glabra polysaccharides as predominantly acidic polysaccharides possessing molecular weights of 10.6-6350 kDa, complex monosaccharide compositions, and diverse glycosidic linkages, which are crucial for conferring a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties.
Conclusions:
This review synthesizes the pharmacological evidence of S. glabra polysaccharides and clarifies their unresolved structure-activity relationships. To advance the field, a comprehensive research program is needed, encompassing the optimization of green extraction, the deciphering of structure-activity relationships, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms, disease-specific pharmacological validation, and ultimately, the confirmation of in vivo safety and efficacy through standardized preclinical trials to accelerate clinical translation.
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