[Technological innovations in the research on plant phase separation]

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism that drives intracellular biomolecules to form membraneless organelles, which plays an important role in regulating plant development and stress responses. In recent years, as the research on phase separation advances, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development and application of related technologies, which provides important technical support for the research in this field. From the basic concepts and principles of phase separation, this paper systematically summarizes the widely used labeling imaging techniques, computational prediction techniques based on machine learning, and multi-scale molecular simulation techniques in the research on phase separation. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and limitations of current related techniques in the research on phase separation, we make an outlook on the potential directions for future related research. In this review, we summarize the cutting-edge technologies related to plant phase separation, aiming to promote multidisciplinary integration and provide technical support for deciphering the mechanisms and functions of plant phase separation.