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Interleukin-1 Signalling Inhibitors in Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
E V Samoilova1, D А Chepurnova1, S N Nasonova1
1Academician E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow.
Kardiologiia
|December 29, 2025
Summary
In acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) showed higher levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1R2) compared to those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This suggests a more intense inflammatory response and IL-1 neutralization in HFpEF.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Heart failure is categorized into HFpEF and HFrEF, with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms.
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling plays a role in inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
- Understanding IL-1 pathway dynamics in different heart failure types is crucial for targeted therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare circulating levels of IL-1, sIL-1R2, and IL-1Ra in patients with HFpEF versus HFrEF.
- To evaluate these levels during acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and stable conditions.
- To investigate the implications for inflammatory response and IL-1 neutralization.
Main Methods:
- Plasma concentrations of IL-1, sIL-1R2, and IL-1Ra were measured.
- Study included patients with HFpEF and HFrEF during ADHF and after 12 months of follow-up in a stable state.
- Statistical analysis compared biomarker levels between patient groups and conditions.
Main Results:
- During ADHF, IL-1R2 and IL-1Ra concentrations were significantly higher than in stable states, with IL-1Ra increasing 3.5-fold.
- In ADHF, IL-1 levels were lower in HFpEF patients, while IL-1R2 and IL-1Ra were higher compared to HFrEF patients.
- In stable conditions, IL-1 was undetectable, and differences in IL-1R2 and IL-1Ra between HFpEF and HFrEF diminished.
Conclusions:
- ADHF involves differential inflammatory responses and IL-1 neutralization between HFpEF and HFrEF.
- HFpEF patients exhibit a more pronounced inflammatory response and IL-1 neutralization compared to HFrEF patients.
- These findings highlight the importance of considering IL-1 pathway modulation in heart failure treatment strategies.
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