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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Aging: A Narrative Review.

David Brower¹, Eric Pan¹, William Goss¹

¹Wellstar Medical College of Georgia, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Augusta, GA.

Sleep Medicine Research

|December 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in older adults, increasing sleepiness and disease risk. This review details OSA

Keywords:

Aging Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Area of Science:

Sleep Medicine
Geriatrics
Neurology

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder, particularly in aging populations.
OSA is linked to increased daytime sleepiness, cardiovascular issues, and neurological conditions.
Understanding OSA in the elderly is crucial due to demographic shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly.
To summarize current knowledge on OSA epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology in older adults.
To discuss diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and implications for cognitive health.

Main Methods:

Literature review summarizing current understanding of OSA in older individuals.
Examination of epidemiological data, risk factors (including menopause), and symptomology.
Analysis of diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology (anatomical changes, sleep architecture), and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

OSA prevalence increases with age, presenting unique challenges in the elderly.
Specific risk factors, symptom presentation (e.g., comorbid insomnia), and diagnostic hurdles exist in this population.
Treatment effectiveness varies, with CPAP and surgical options discussed.

Conclusions:

Obstructive sleep apnea significantly impacts the quality of life for the elderly.
This review serves as a resource for sleep medicine physicians on OSA in older adults.
Further understanding is needed regarding OSA's role in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.