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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Aging: A Narrative Review
David Brower1, Eric Pan1, William Goss1
1Wellstar Medical College of Georgia, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Augusta, GA.
Sleep Medicine Research
|December 29, 2025
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in older adults, increasing sleepiness and disease risk. This review details OSA
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Geriatrics
- Neurology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder, particularly in aging populations.
- OSA is linked to increased daytime sleepiness, cardiovascular issues, and neurological conditions.
- Understanding OSA in the elderly is crucial due to demographic shifts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly.
- To summarize current knowledge on OSA epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology in older adults.
- To discuss diagnostic challenges, treatment options, and implications for cognitive health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing current understanding of OSA in older individuals.
- Examination of epidemiological data, risk factors (including menopause), and symptomology.
- Analysis of diagnostic challenges, pathophysiology (anatomical changes, sleep architecture), and treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- OSA prevalence increases with age, presenting unique challenges in the elderly.
- Specific risk factors, symptom presentation (e.g., comorbid insomnia), and diagnostic hurdles exist in this population.
- Treatment effectiveness varies, with CPAP and surgical options discussed.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea significantly impacts the quality of life for the elderly.
- This review serves as a resource for sleep medicine physicians on OSA in older adults.
- Further understanding is needed regarding OSA's role in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
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