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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
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Human Blood Exosomes: Isolation and Characterization Methods, Variability, and the Need for Standardized Protocols-A

Elena Sánchez-Vizcaíno Mengual1, Laura Cordero1, Hernán Pinto1

  • 1Meta Cell Technology, 08173 Sant Cugat, Spain.

Biomedicines
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosome quantification in human biofluids varies widely due to different methods. Standardizing protocols is crucial for advancing exosome research and therapies.

Keywords:
exosomesextracellular vesiclesisolation methodphotothermal biomodulationplatelet-rich plasma (PRP)quantification

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Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum
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Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Exosomes are bioactive extracellular vesicles crucial for intercellular communication and disease.
  • Their complex structure poses challenges for standard analytical methods.
  • Understanding exosome concentrations in healthy individuals is essential for baseline data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize published exosome concentrations in human plasma, serum, and platelet-rich plasma from healthy individuals.
  • To highlight methodological differences in exosome quantification.
  • To identify factors influencing exosome yield and quality.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted for studies on exosome quantification in plasma, serum, and platelet-rich plasma.
  • Studies excluded cancer and disease-related research.
  • Eligible articles used particle-counting techniques like nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, or tunable resistive pulse sensing.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two articles with 167 healthy donors were included.
  • Reported exosome concentration ranges varied significantly across biofluids and quantification methods.
  • Plasma: 4.50 × 10^8 to 6.70 × 10^11 particles/mL; Serum: 5.30 × 10^8 to 2.13 × 10^11 particles/mL; Platelet-rich plasma: 7.52 × 10^9 to 2.99 × 10^11 particles/mL.

Conclusions:

  • High variability in isolation and quantification methods significantly impacts exosome quantity and quality.
  • Exosome characteristics like cargo, purity, and integrity are critical for method development.
  • Standardization of protocols is essential for advancing exosome research and clinical applications.