From Grape Stalks to Lignin Nanoparticles: A Study on Extraction Scale-Up, Solubility Enhancement and Green...

Area of Science:

• Biomass Valorization
• Green Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Lignin valorization faces challenges in scale-up and low solubility.
• Efficient methods are needed to overcome these hurdles for sustainable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• Investigate the impact of scale-up on lignin extraction yield and purity.
• Evaluate strategies to enhance lignin solubility and explore nanoparticle production.

Main Methods:

• Lignin extraction from grape stalks using alkaline and deep eutectic solvents at scaled-up factors (5x, 10x, 20x).
• Solubilization tests with surfactants (Tween 20, 80, PEG) and organic solvents (ethanol, acetic acid).
• Lignin nanoparticle production via ultrasonication.

Main Results:

• Lignin purity remained consistent during scale-up, with a slight yield decrease.
• Surfactants achieved higher lignin solubilization (up to 74.5%) than organic solvents.
• Spherical lignin nanoparticles (~200 nm) were produced using ultrasonication, with surfactants aiding stability.

Conclusions:

• Lignin extraction scale-up is feasible, maintaining purity.
• Surfactant-assisted solubilization and nanoparticle production offer viable pathways for lignin valorization.
• This research supports sustainable strategies for diverse lignin-based applications.