18 F-FDG PET/CT in Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Prostate in an Infant

Area of Science:

• Pediatric oncology
• Urologic pathology
• Medical imaging

Background:

• Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare pediatric malignancy.
• The genitourinary tract is a common site for RMS, accounting for approximately 20% of cases.
• Embrional subtype is the most frequent subtype of genitourinary RMS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant.
• To illustrate the diagnostic challenges and imaging modalities used for prostatic RMS.
• To highlight the importance of early diagnosis in infants presenting with nonspecific symptoms.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 4-month-old boy with postrenal acute kidney injury.
• Diagnostic work-up included abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and cytopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.
• Staging was performed using 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Main Results:

• The patient was diagnosed with prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma.
• The diagnostic process involved a combination of imaging and biopsy.
• 18F-FDG PET/CT was utilized for staging the tumor.

Conclusions:

• Prostate rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare but significant diagnosis in infants.
• Early detection is crucial, often requiring a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
• Imaging and histopathological examination are key to establishing the diagnosis and staging.